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Choosing your character set is *your* job, not Zen Cart's job. The zc_install upgrade process DOES NOT change your character set. That's up to you.

If your existing database is NOT in utf-8 then...

https://www.zen-cart.com/tutorials/index.php?article=414

The numinix instructions are not fully accurate. And they have you touching files that don't need touching (such as the phpmailer file, etc). Use with caution.

AND in v1.5.0+ the change is...

Don't go mucking with existing database content. You can't just randomly change charsets on a whim. To do that requires careful alteration of all your existing data, and is an advanced operation you...

Blank page: https://www.zen-cart.com/tutorials/index.php?article=82

Jack, that '?>' is not necessary: https://www.zen-cart.com/tutorials/index.php?article=313

If the system is completely ignoring the built-in code which properly sets the collation, then it's probably inheriting the collation from the database itself. Thus, changing the database's default...

You need to say 'latin1' instead of 'utf8'

Add it to the bottom of /zc_install/includes/installer_params.php ... and keep it in the other locations where you already have it, too.

Using the DB_CHARSET define replaces the need for editing query_factory.php, so you should remove your custom code from that file.

Create a new file for it:

/includes/extra_configures/my_db_charset.php

<?php define('DB_CHARSET', 'your_charset_here');
Do the same with: /admin/includes/extra_configures/my_db_charset.php

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