
Got it!
functions_lookups.php has a function for the category description. All I had to do was add the line in blue to take advantage of the existing function, so that my original addition to the code actually had something to display (see red code). The '1' is the language code since the site is only in one language.
Code:
$categories->fields['categories_description'] = zen_get_category_description($categories->fields['categories_id'], '1');
$list_box_contents[$row][$col] = array('params' => 'class="categoryListBoxContents"' . ' ' . 'style="width:' . $col_width . '%;"',
// 'text' => '<a href="' . zen_href_link(FILENAME_DEFAULT, $cPath_new) . '">' . zen_image(DIR_WS_IMAGES . $categories->fields['categories_image'], $categories->fields['categories_name'], SUBCATEGORY_IMAGE_WIDTH, SUBCATEGORY_IMAGE_HEIGHT) . '<br />' . $categories->fields['categories_name'] . '</a>' . '<br />' . $categories->fields['categories_description']
'text' => '<a href="' . zen_href_link(FILENAME_DEFAULT, $cPath_new) . '">' . $categories->fields['categories_name'] . '</a>' . '<br />' . $categories->fields['categories_description']