Thanks for responding!
I am on PHP Version: 5.2.17 (Zend: 2.2.0) - MySQL 5.0.92
I used phpmyadmin to export the DB from a 1.3.8 version of zen cart. I looked in update instructions online before I did that, hoping to find a clue as to what charset to use, and I ended up finding this:
http://www.zen-cart.com/content.php?144-how-can-i-do-a-database-backup-with-phpmyadmin that stepped me through exporting the zen cart DB and importing to my fresh install of 1.5. I followed those instructions precisely, so I don't think I had a choice of Charset in that process. When I imported the data, everything seemed fine. Then I saw the funny characters in the product descriptions, went to change them and found the description window in the admin to be blank. I fixed it only by copying the data from the live site, pasting it, then manually replacing the dashes and quotes. Then I noticed the blank pages in the checkout process. I found this thread. I triple-checked the english.php and configure.php files. I found only one instance of charset utf-8 and that was in the [myadminname]/includes/configure.php so I changed it by copying and pasting the iso string directly from the live site's entry in the same file, to be sure I do not make a typo. I emptied my browser cache, restarted my machine to be sure, and the blank pages still came up. I then found a thread where you insisted that with a fresh install of 1.5, you are sure that the files are utf-8 by default (I also found that in the installation folder I saved on my hard drive). This made me wonder if the reason I had only one instance of the utf-8 (I even did a number of searches of the code in the site to find every mention of utf-8), was possibly because my fresh install was done with a one-button click wizard process on GoDaddy - so maybe godaddy's install script changes those entries once the database for it is created???? I don't know but honest to god, I had only one instance of utf-8. I even looked to be sure each file had the entries to begin with and they were not simply missing.
So, that's where I am now. I'm doing a ton of use cases testing to see if I run into anymore blank pages, and I am manually one-by-one going through the products in the admin area looking for blank windows and copying and pasting and changing. The rough part about this is that my client is not going to pay me to sit here at $80/hr and do this. And I want to make this site okay for them, so I am doing basically hundreds of dollars of work for free and I can't afford that. I've got projects starting that I can't put off. I'm thinking that if I keep the old site in a hidden area and launch this one, that once someone needs to go into the admin to change anything in the description and they get a blank window, they'll just have to go to the old site at that time and grab the data. I'm only hoping it's not affecting something I can't see yet - like I just noticed it's not adding tax to taxable items, and I suspect this database issue, so now I need to figure out what I need to find in the admin that I need to hit edit and then save to see if that helps. I may cry.
Thank you for any direction you can blow me in.