Interesting that document.write is still used in the latest ZC 1.5.5e in includes/templates/template_default/common/html_header.php, around lines 123-124
Code:
<script type="text/javascript">window.jQuery || document.write(unescape('%3Cscript type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.0.min.js"%3E%3C/script%3E'));</script>
<script type="text/javascript">window.jQuery || document.write(unescape('%3Cscript type="text/javascript" src="<?php echo $template->get_template_dir('.js',DIR_WS_TEMPLATE, $current_page_base,'jscript'); ?>/jquery.min.js"%3E%3C/script%3E'));</script>
but a Google search for "alternative to document.write" returns umpteen documents stating that document.write is an outdated and even bad way to use it.