Got it! I'm an idiot. Yeah that's it!

After doing a search with the dev tool kit, I found there are two table.php files; one in /includes/modules/shipping and one in /includes/languages/english/modules/shipping. When I reuploaded the table.php, I uploded the wrong one into languages/english thus the headache.

Oops. Sorry to bother everyone. Have a nice day.