Thank you for your reply, Dr. Byte. To answer your questions in reverse order:
My business, in addition to having a small online component, sells its products wholesale to something like 120 retail stores. Since I didn't need the Documents General product type for anything else, I decided to use it for the names and addresses of those stores (categorized by country and subcategorized by state and city), so that customers who wanted to go to a bricks-and-mortar store could easily determine if there was one near them. My product-listing display of actual physical products consists solely of product images, arranged in a grid. I want my new document-listing display for Documents General to consist solely of the "product" (i.e., document) descriptions, arranged in a single column.
I have been careful to prevent mixed results from occurring. I modifed both the categories sidebox and advanced search to exclude the retail store results. Then I created a separate categories sidebox exclusively for the retail stores. That was when I realized that displaying the results of the latter sidebox presented a problem, because I needed a very different layout for them.
I do understand your point about product type being specific to products rather than to group results, but since I had been able to deal with that issue up to now in modifying the category sideboxes and advanced search, I innocently assumed I would be able to cope with it here, too. Of course, that depended on my finding main_template_vars.php to see how it even worked -- hence my original question to this forum.
I do see two other possible ways of addressing my problem besides using "product type" as a filter, but they both present the same problem you raise. The way I excluded Documents General from the categories sidebox was first to disable all the categories that contained documents-general and then to limit the standard sidebox to enabled categories. Although a little strange, that seemed more efficient than letting the sidebox pull up all the categories and then screening the results by product type, and all I had to do to make my new documents-general sidebox work was to flip the toggle and tell it to pull up only DISabled categories (in four years of my old 1.3.8 site, I've never needed to disable an actual product category, so I don't anticipate that being a problem going forward). So, at least in theory, excluding products from enabled categories could be the filter here. Similarly, the way I excluded Documents General from advanced search was to debar my entire "retailers" root category and all its subcategories (countries, states, and cities) from the database query. So again, in theory, that would be another possible filter here. But neither of these cases gets around the individual vs. group issue you raise. Still, the problem doesn't seem insurmountable to me. Surely there must be a way to say, "if ANY of the products in this list is of the Documents General product type (or from a disabled category, or from a subcategory of category X) then go to tpl_index_document_list.php instead of tpl_index_product_list.php -- though it would be more efficient, I suppose, to ask instead "if the FIRST product in this list ... " since if it is, the rest of them will be, too.
I hope all of that is clear, even if it is a little discursive. Does it suggest any solutions beyond having me taken out and shot? Thanks again for your help!