Thing is, that unless referring to duplication of a constant within a single file, that so long as Zen Cart continues to use constants for language values (without checking for previous definition) along with the template override system then the existence of duplicate constants is likely to occur.
I believe that this is one reason that a future version of Zen Cart is to use a variable array to contain definitions. Unfortunately assignment of language values in that arrangement requires a reverse assignment of values by first populating the "base" language's definitions, followed by an alternate language's override(s), then a specific file's override with whatever intermediate file overrides are to be considered. The current override is expected to load the current file's definitions before loading the base language.
Both have their "issues" and there would need to be some determined scheme about how to fully handle the overrides as say a core file may have a definition that is desired but is then overridden in a file's override that then has to be overridden again in a language/template override to return back to the original version. Whatever it ends up being, I'm sure there will be an update in guidance either made or needed.