too many database connections? Robots? not sure

ZC version 2.1
plugins are:
Export Email Addresses, Helcim Payments
How Did You Hear About Us
Ty Package Tracker
USPS Shipping (RESTful)
php 8.3.3

Here is the error:

07-May-2026 11:00:19 America/Boise] Request URI: /, IP address: , Language id not set #0 [internal function]: zen_debug_error_handler() #1 /includes/classes/db/mysql/query_factory.php(90): mysqli_connect() #2 /includes/init_includes/init_database.php(22): queryFactory->connect() #3 /includes/application_top.php(293): require('/XXXXX/XXXXXXXX..') #4 /index.php(25): require('/XXXXXX/XXXXXX') --> PHP Warning: mysqli_connect(): (HY000/1040): Too many connections in /includes/classes/db/mysql/query_factory.php on line 90.

IP hits on the website: Here are the top 3 IP hits' details: 624 - 174.58.200.157 279 - 103.153.183.126 173 - 45.148.10.166

How can i use this info to prevent this error?
I believe this is when the site is down for a few mins.
Are these ips attacking the site?